Numerical Examination of Cross-Ply Sisal Fibre/Epoxy Composite Laminates with Cohesive Zone Elements at Low-Velocity Impact Loading

Abstract

The paper focuses on modelling damage evolution in composite laminates under low-velocity impact, specifically cross-ply configurations. A finite element model is developed to simulate interlaminar delamination and assess the damage mechanisms under varying impact energy levels. The cohesive zone model (CZM) is used to accurately capture delamination initiation and progression. It discusses the implementation of damage models for intra- and inter-laminar mechanisms and the use of cohesive zone elements to simulate matrix cracking and splitting. The results highlight the influence of fibre orientation, laminate stacking sequence, and cohesive parameters on the energy absorption and damage propagation. This paper provides valuable insights into the impact performance of bio-composites, aiding their implementation in lightweight and sustainable structural applications.