A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites in Lightweight Automotive Structures

Abstract

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are advanced composite materials in which fibres are
embedded within a polymer matrix to enhance mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. These composites consist
of two primary components: the reinforcement, which carries the applied load and provides strength, and the matrix,
which binds the reinforcement and transfers stress between the fibres. The reinforcement contributes significantly to the
stiffness and load-bearing capability of the composite structure.
FRP composites have gained significant importance in automotive applications due to their lightweight nature, high
strength-to-weight ratio, and cost advantages compared with conventional materials such as steel and aluminium. These
materials offer several benefits, including design flexibility, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, corrosion
resistance, durability, and reduced structural weight. Among various FRP materials, glass fibre-reinforced polymer
composites are the most commonly used because of their low cost, availability, and satisfactory mechanical
performance.